Chapter ( 13 )

The Hollywoodian president wishes Iraq to be democratic. if the Iraqi government is able to provide protection , the basic services are to be served to the citizens and to practise democracy on the Israeli style which was exposed to terroristic incidents for long. He gave amazing procedures to the return of the normal life in Iraq particularly the " football matches and the crowded markets " .

But Afghanistan had a bad luck , it used to be an arena for franchising battles between the super powers . In 80th of the last century it was the battle between America and the Soviet Union . On the first decade of the third millennium , Iran substituted the Soviet Union . Practically Iran plays games in Iraq as well as Afghanistan in response to the endless American pressure to freeze the Iranian nuclear program . In addition , Tehran considers the continuation of the foreign- American existence in Afghanistan a hazard on their national security. Iran has another interests representing in giving the American administration a message ; meaning that America can't do without the Iranian role in this part of the world ; being a hefty regional power to be respected and appreciated by Washington and their allies . Consequently , it isn’t strange that Tehran gives a hand to Taliban ; providing them with weapons and ammunitions ; since the enemy in this case is common . Although Tehran , beforehand thought Taliban as a source of danger , after they had set up a Sunni state on the borders of the Iran’s Shiite country . It is clear that the US committed an error when they killed Dad Allah ; the military leader of Taliban – thinking this will give a shock to Taliban , but , on the contrary , that gave them a chance to creep over the American forces as well as the Nato forces as a means of revenge . the same situation was repeated in Iraq when they killed Abu Mossab El Zarquawi . they thought that this will perplex the armed groups and violence will retreat , yet they discovered , after a while , his assassination opened the doors of hell . Taliban actually controls the southern parts of the country and their suicide attacks drew near Kabul , Kandhar , and other cities . It is obvious that Krasi and the American officials didn’t know that Taliban dream to restore their sovereignty to Afghanistan , and they will look for Iran to help them .

On the other hand , the Afghanistan war caused the terrorism infrastructure to be put to pieces and deployed in different parts in the world as London , Madrid and Bali . the deeds of Bush’s administration resulted in deforming the war on terrorism and transforming it to a bloody clash between Islam and the western civilisation . the hostile trend from the Arab world to America increased , and the popularity of legal survival of Quaeda as yet in Afghanistan ? What are the reasons of the propagation of Jihad thoughts in many of the Arabian countries ? how long will Ben Laden and Ayman El Zawahri disappear ? .

We must put a fact into consideration that , if the American forces managed to kill Ben Laden or capture him , and even , it is granted that , the decrease of the armed activity of Quaeda , the subjective components to the other organisations split out from Quaeda will remain surviving . This emphasises that Quaeda worked for years without any direct connection with their leaders in Afghanistan . there , the dislocation of the first cell started to expand for years and deployed in different countries in the Arab world . What is going on in Iraq , Afghanistan and Lebanon is an evidence for the Quaeda success, if it isn’t , it emphasises the failure of the American conquest to Iraq and Afghanistan . One of the most important reasons behind the survival of Quaeda as yet in Afghanistan is that most of their agents are qualified with high security sensor , providing them a cover of protection and an ability to disappear from the successive American attacks . In Afghanistan the Quaeda agents managed to make use of the tough geographical nature of their country as well as the tribal distributions between Afghanistan and Pakistan in camouflage and transport easily from one place to another .

The foreign conquest to Afghanistan was a chance to change the construction of the Afghani society . Afghanistan is marked by its rocks , caves and mountains , they didn’t have any sea . In the north live the Osepek ; estimated at 1,3 million persons , they extend from Mazar El Sherif to Ospikestan . El Tajeek represent 3,5 million people . they live from the north of Afghanistan to Tajekistan . the Afghani constitution and the new ruling regime came to admit this tribal distribution officially . Those who chose Kursi as a president of the country was the council of the tribes chiefs known as “ Loria Gerga “ . this tribal division led to form a faction for every group which dominate their lands each one of them . that is why the problem of militias emerged to control a whole area in Afghanistan , despite the existence of the central government and the foreign forces as yet . Nothing left to Kursi or the international forces to achieve stability in any region of the country unless they come back to the chiefs of the tribes in the different regions and to co- ordinate with them , otherwise the worst will happen .In fact , the first appearance to Taliban’s power again ; after losing it – through the suicide operation took place in military Pagram Base which coincidenced with visit of American vice – president Dick Chini . But for his luck , this attack would have caused a disaster . this means that this movement can penetrate a lot of security procedures . they, as well , succeeded in imposing their command on the eastern borders , the mountains of Tora Tora . they restored their laws and control on the region . the murder of Mullah Dad Allah ; the military leader didn’t affect them badly . the daily life in the Afghani villages and tribal regions follow the Talibani style . Kabul is the only part that can be liberal or urban, which is mastered by the Afghani forces and the government of Karasi who was exposed to an operation of assassination on April 2008. Moreover , the war and the foreign interference didn’t overcome the problem of planting drugs . the United Nations think …. To finish off drugs in Afghanistan needs a generation especially opium plantation which increased in 2006 up to 60 % and the production increased 50 % , where Afghanistan produces more than 90 % of the World opium .

In Sudan , Omar El Basheer exhorted the west to repeat the sceneries of Iraq and Afghanistan in Sudan , and any foreign interferences in his country regarding Darfor will resisted toughly . he won’t accept any “ oil for food “ programmes , even if he had to keep the oil inside their grounds ; in a gesture directed by Non – governmental organisations to apply a programme in Sudan to finance the human operations in Darfor , similar to the programme imposed by the United Nations on Iraq . He confirmed that all the forces that will come to Darfor will be utterly Africans and their mission is defined . Sudan contacted with the African countries which avowed to fulfill their commitment concerning the participation in these forces . Any attempt to go back to the resolution 17o6 will be rejected . the divisions in the sides of the armed movements in Darfor delay to reach a peaceful settlement ; despite the government procedures to determine peace and carry out projects for development . El Basheer condemned the US imposing sanctions on his country and these sanction won’t let the refugees to go back to their villages or help to provide services . He thought the goal of these sanctions is to weaken the Sudanese economy . He assured that the security position in Darfor is improving greatly especially after the reconciliation took place between Sudan and Chad .

The African leaders in their annual conference Ghana , on July 2007 , instead of suggesting and discussion executable thoughts to reduce the catastrophe of the African people of epidemics , economical backwardness , poverty and shortage of the basic services , like health and education , El Gazafi consummated imaginary , idealistic ideas which can’t be achieved due to political , ethnic, economical and social reasons , , but it rather uses up time , effort and money searching for solving even – a part pf the incurable problems in Africa. The call for setting up African United States has been renewed – including 53 countries , one unified army which was disapproved in the summit of 2003 . Some people admire the US which was unified by means of force or admire the European Union which was established 50 years ago ; times of turmoil , sweat , and trials of success and failure . They failed in the project of the unified European constitution , besides Britain didn’t join the unified currency system . they didn’t manageto build up the fast interfering forces . the African Union organisations were not completed . Nor has the resolution of carrying out the African economical association been done as yet , although over than27 years have passed . the trade between the countries of the African Union is only 4 % of the volume of the African trade with the world . 90 % of the African people are living without electricity . the rate of AIDS is high in Africa as well as Cholera and Malaria . 46 % live under poverty line . the civil wars , conflicts are afflicting in the African bodies . Africa has a long way before accomplishing this ambitious target . the beginning of this course is to solve the political reform problems , to accept the challenge of democracy and confronting the internal unrests and the terroristic tribal disturbances , and disputes. The example of these disputes are between El Polissario ; supported by Algeria and Morocco ; the popular front to liberate the “ Saquia El Hamra “ ( the Red Wheel ) where there were negotiations between them in New York on June 2007 and likewise in the beginning of 2008 – didn’t gain any advance owing to the insistence of every part to stick to its situation to solve the dispute of the Moroccan desert over 30 years ago .

Morocco thinks that the only solution is implied in granting the desert inhabitants an autonomy proving the remaining region under the Moroccan sovereignty . the Polissario thinks that the solution is larked in making a referendum . the two members of the delegation exchanged charges , the general secretary of the United Nations had to put off these negotiation . This problem caused to devastate the relationship between Algeria and Morocco , closing the borders as well as destroying the Moroccan Union . the question is that will the two sides make a compromise; preventing the absolute segregation to the desert in return for not joining wholly to Morocco ?

The only country that can benefit from Africa is china . the commercial volume between African Union and China gets to 55 billion dollars in 2006 ; where China depends on Africa a basic procurer of energy and raw materials . the motives of China are economical because Africa could be a promising market for the Chinese products . Africa , by its turn , needs more infrastructure , besides , the developing projects that pave the way widely before the Chinese investments in the continent. But America does not want to leave the dark country alone . they planned to establish a new American central leadership in Africa. It was obvious that Washington wanted to set up a leadership in Egypt or Libya ; when they refused , Washington went to Chad . In fact America wants a base nearby Darfor so that they could jump and control it .

Eventually , the absence of democracy is the other coin of the nature of dictatorship . political sociology scientists describe the dictatorial state as monopolising the sources of power , authority and fortune in society in favor of the elite or the family or the ruling tribe . Democracy can’t be imported from abroad . It is a local and popular product . Henry Kissinger is right when he said .. the drawback of the basic American policy is that it is purely American . they want to apply on other countries their democratic system , although the environment , the circumstances and the interests are different .

Chapter ( 12 )

the democracy the US wants

Some experts think that president Bush ; the son was terribly mistaken in interpreting the meaning of security and democracy . there is a wide gap between what Bush says and what he does particularly regarding the positions in the middle east and the attention of propagating democracy . the middle east peoples , especially Egypt are the vanguard of peoples who look forward to freedom and democracy , refusing the positions of dictatorship and tyranny which scattered around the world . But , America is dealing with us in a shaming duality , arousing suspicion and ignoring – on purpose that – the people of the area – especially Egypt – has a remarkable culture . In the same time they refused to have democracy like the Iraqi model . America thinks that democracy is the freedom of Israel to kill people and destroy buildings. This apparent duality is just on operation of reshuffling roles , the essence of the American policy is based on a collection of pressure papers ready to be utilized according to the suitable situation , each at a time .

The Americans researcher and writer Michel Liden " who issued in 1996 a book entitled " Betrayal of Democracy " and issued another book 2002 entitled " war on the Lords of Terrorism " the main points in these two books summarise the most important goals for the new conservatives which is to modulate and diagram the world map , and the map of the middle east in particular ,considering democracy as the most important articles America should export to the area with the allegation that the start point is to set up a free Iraq in the core of the middle east , representing a revolution to the world democracy .

Nobody can understand the American direction compass , whether to believe Bush when he says he doesn't want a certain sort of democracy in the middle east ; there are more types of democracy matches with the peoples' culture , or to believe Michel Liden ; democracy is the most American article to be exported to the middle east . To our surprise , when Bush spreads democracy in the middle east , he blinked his eyes , on purpose for what Israel is doing against the Palestine people . He branded Sharon ; - before he went on a coma – as a man of peace , the moment Sharon was ordering to demolish the Palestinian camps and he continued to build up the settlements and the Apartheid Wall .

In fact , the American president didn't speak words full of forgiveness and co- existence which encourage to make dialogue of cultures and civilisations , but , all his words focus on the potentials of running after , sanction and retaliation . America calls the resistance against occupation " terrorism " and describes terrorism as a legal right to self-defense to justify the Israeli ferocious brutality against the Palestinians . America poses the definitions for human rights and forms of democracy. Nobody can blame America for the contradictory conceptions from place to another , because the conceptions of the super powers only committed to their interests. No wonder what we call a "rogue " country today , may be tomorrow , will be a mild country and vice versa .

For instance , Saddam Hussein was an ally to the west in the 80th when he was utilised to beat Iran in a war lasted 8 years , bleeding the fortunes' area in favor of the weapon industry . After his allied role ended , they began to call him the " evil , the tyrant and the dictator and we all know how he met his end .

Israel violated Palestine , you didn't hear anything showing the Jews conquested Palestine and made their people homeless , on the contrary , you hear the terroristic Palestinians who shed the Israeli blood . Anybody who has no background will imagine that the Arabs conquested Israel who wanted to restore their rights and set up their country .

During the term of Bill Clinton, , the American defense ministry prepared studies about the American interference strategy in the international positions ; implying that there was a strong connection between the American interference and the increase of the armed operations against the US . but , the hawks of the new conservatives in the defense ministry had opposing directions . When they failed in Iraq , they looked for a way out . they thought of raising the sign of the democratic conversion and the political reforms in the middle east as a new title for the justification of the American occupation to Iraq . In fact , building up a strong democratic political regime is not that easy , as some people think in the researches and studies , but it is complicated circumstances ,the increasing population growth and international and regional turbulences affected in our home positions , most of all , one of the positive phenomena in the election of " Shora – consultation assembly , done in Egypt in 2007 is the resolution of supreme elections committee to expand the circle of monitoring the civil society to participate 19 organisations up to 6 thousand observers supervised by the national council for human rights and the quota of 50 % to the laborers and farmers .this is a strong evidence of the ability of the Egyptian civil society to monitoring and an obvious progress in practising some democracy in Egypt . the political reform and the appearance of a powerful party which is able to be a compass to the political life that will give the others lessons how to practise the political work .

The democratic development in Egypt is still in the beginning and reflects our potentials in development and growth . Yet we think the rate of participation is weak ; 30 % attendance does not achieve the proportionate representation. The day of elections in Egypt is a tough tiring process . the records of the polls are not correct . the demonstrations the trouble makers make before the polls committees result in great burdens on the shoulders of the security systems . Every citizen should have a serial number rather than the poll tickets . Some experts think that the fault of democracy is that there is no guarantee to win in advance for any candidate or a party in disinterested elections . therefore some new thinkers blame democracy of that sort , , it gives a chance for some unwanted political powers to get into the political domain . this was the tune which prevailed the Shora elections . It is said that we managed to pass over the dangerous deficiency of democracy on the Egyptian way and we walked on the same routes of the Algerian , Syrian and Yemen elections . We found ourselves before a unique one . the sweeping majority of the party wins actually ; those who were possessing authority will take the same seats they were already having , without any real change . the real problem of this situation is not the case of frustration and depression the people who elect have , - they originally don't go to the polls - they lost the confidence of democratic change , but the continuation of this deformed position , how democracy – in our Arab world changes into a dirty stupid game ? it allows elections really , but it is the sort of elections that lead to – consecrating the authority in the same ruling class . It will make this game hasardous ; where they can eliminate the unwanted candidates and put in custody those who would probably win . It is said that the security system put in custody more than one thousand candidates from the " Muslim Brothers " and the independents ; allegating that they belong to the banned group or they utilise religious slogans . This added an atmosphere of horror and lack of security .What marked this battle is that ; it was a test to what extent the policy the state used to prevent the religious slogans in the political work succeeded ? Some terms of the constitution were amended aiming at the sweeping overwhelming of the Muslim Brothers had in the parliament . Nobody can claim that converting the election into a war against slogans managed to determine the political conflict between the brothers and the National Party . this democratic process is sympathetic and will lead to the death of the political work .

The Egyptian people are fed up with this barren conflict between the National Party and the Brothers ' and it won't do any good to the future of the political life in Egypt . No doubt the National Party is building up now a new house for the majority . collecting around those who belong to it and eliminate the opportunists , who are too old , after it found out that they are permanent members in every party beginning from the National Union Organisation , then the Socialistic Union and finally the National Party . In all the democratic countries or the non democratic countries all consent that the party expresses the conditions of people in confront with the government which submits to questioning from the party ; where it lasts its responsibility if it succeeds in committing with the policy party and leaves out if it fails . History emphasises that the crisis of the National Party is that they don't separate the party from the government .Still the political strategy is unable to determine the historical phrase " the government party or the party government " . After the eradication of the religious opposing party which they achieved nothing , the future and destiny of the civil opposition is the first challenge that faces the National Party which they live the ecstasy of the sweeping majority . Why don't they think to set up an external opposition to block out the windows in front of the dictatorial resolution ?

This rate of attendance to the polls in Egypt perplex the political experts . It points out the relaxation of the parties and their fragile potentials to mobolise the citizens . There is no confidence between the citizen and the government , besides , the citizen lacks the political education . Years ago , we opposed the idea of " Youth Organisation " because it belonged to the " Socialistic Union " . there should be youth organisation belongs to the parties where they could hatch leaders , there are no trained leaders to join with the crowds to stir them up and move them to the polls . Moreover , the citizen thinks that these elections are fake , that leads to lack of credibility and reluctance of the citizens to participate in the polls .

To solve this negative phenomena ; first , to restore the confidence between the citizen and the government through stopping anti – propaganda from any other power in society , this deforms the image of the regime , repeating that noise in reforming , that leads to depression and disappoint the citizen's capacity to develop the feeling of citizenship and participation We should stamp out the dictatorship of both the minority and the sweeping majority in the parliament .

By the course of time , a lot of people were surprised to know that president Bush came to admit the impotence of his administration to oblige the Arab middle east governments to comprehensive democratic reforms . He attributed that to bureaucracy and the vision of the area leaders who prefer graduation and meditation , and leaving the mission to the next generation . America came to the conclusion that stability is more useful for the American interests than unguaranteed consequences modifications . The surprise comes from the return of the American president to arouse the demands of the democratic reform in the middle , and in Egypt , particularly , and in other areas of the world , although he knows that this isn't the official policy of his country as long as he stays in his short term , and although he admitted that , too , this " demonstration from his part won't have any credibility inside or outside the US ' that was a talk occasion . So, why did he assume that the other leaders have within their organisations and societies a resisting power that must be put into consideration for the resolution maker .

If we go back to some historical experiments in the democratic reform in the third world countries allied to Washington : were the Iranian model at the time of Shah and the South Korean model that lasted till now . The two models had something in common . It was the American fear from the communist expansion for the two countries . Iran was a neighbour to the Soviet Union . the communist party " Towada " was so strong that they build up a country in the north after the second world war .

South Korea was surrounded by the communist regime of North Korea and China . In Iran , Shah had to carry out the American agenda for reform literally after he saw the anger in Kennedy’s eyes Hence the " Revolution of Shah and the People " launched . It implied the redistribution of the agricultural properties , making periodical directed elections and beginning comprehensive industrialisation operation . But , the outcome was a failure and resulted in the toppling over of the whole regime , it was substituted by the Religious Foundation after a bloody revolution . the reasons were numerous , most of all , the trespassing American influence provoked the Iranian religious and national feelings that was depicted in the coalition of Shah with Israel . then , the internal reason was that the erosion of the liberal powers as a result of negligence after the American coup d' etat over Mossadak 's government in 50th , last century ; left the square free but the religious foundation opposing the Shah regime .

In South Korea , there was similarity with the Iranian model . They began with agricultural reform , then the industrial development , yet the outcome was different , we can see now , in Soel democratic regime because it managed to absorb all the new political and social powers . the governments of Soel didn't subject to the American direct command , but they clashed with the American administrations and they asked the help of a strong lobby from the congress and American tycoons to resist the ready made American agenda . In the mean time , these governments were serious , they were stressed by the popular pressures that always launched from the students , the labourers and the craftsmen , afterwards there was a fierce war on corruption and the law was able to cross out the military establishment , finally , deciding the principle of the circulation of the authority .

The lesson the American president should take is that democracy isn't occasional chat , not as in our Arab or Egyptian case ; a prescription from Elio Sharanski , but , it is the outcome of internal social controversy ; the external inspiration may do it good , but the direct command policy obstacle it .

What happens to the Arabs now ; killing , shedding blood that due to lack of democracy .the Arabs don't learn from their mistakes . the latest phenomena was the fighting between Hamas and Fath . that what the Israeli government wanted as a goal they tried hard to achieve . they betted that there will be a civil war between Hamas and Fath . when the conversion of the global system took place by the end of 1989 , on finishing the cold war ., the winds blew on all the whole world , but the winds changed its course when it came to the Arab world . they refused to respond to the historical change of the international society . the country potentials are based – rising up economically and humanly on democracy – as a political system . that was settled in the new international system as democracy is the legality of any ruling regime . It is also the assured irrevocable way for developing economy and promoting human beings and the competitive economical potential turned out to be one of the components of the national security .

Many developing countries realised this fact – like East South Asian Countries , Brazil , India and South Africa. Their international position advanced in comparison with the super powers , but the Arabs didn't understand this fact . After 11 – 9 – 2001, the US declared their new foreign political strategy on 20 – 9 2002 . they changed their administrative rules with the Arab world . they modulated the conception of the enemies and friends " those who are not with us are against us " but the Arabs kept on sticking to their traditional foreign policy . they didn't develop their vision and tactics to match with the new world strategy . the American experts ; those who are near the resolution industry offered the new policy and how they transformed the front line with the ancient Soviet Union to inside the Arab world which is considered the source of hazard and menace of their new national security . yet the Arabs didn't take any step to modulate their national security strategies ; but rather , left their vital domain ; -- a security vacuum ; persuading any regional or international powers to violate their strategical vacuum . that was the main reasons behind arsoning the successive crises in the Arab world , without any ability to predict the crisis and ban them or even solve them like what happens in Palestine , Lebanon , Sudan and Somalia .

The only solution is the popular participation through true democracy - in the resolution industry – and monitoring reward and punishment process to the execution – to believe in circulating the regime . If any group governs by itself and monopolises the resolution , that will lead to a disaster , whereas the variation of opinions protects the country from disaster .

In his book " the graves diggers " by Roge` Garodi ; the French thinker- copied a phrase from Jean Jack Rousseau – in the Social Contract – there hadn't been any democracy ever since , and there won't be " Garodi said , then there weren't any democracies , or only , rather superficial ones , like that which was set up in Athens in the time of Percales , or under the Ramon republic reign . At the beginning of our first school years , we were taught that Athens , was considered in the 5th century BC –the mother and the model of democracies . but , there were only – in the time of Percales – two thousand free citizens , on the other hand , there were 110 , 000 persons deprived of any political rights . this democracy was based on the minority , and all the other forms of democracy depended on illusion and conjuration .

When the US separated from the British colonialisation – declared the equality to all human beings , but they conserved slavery all a century long and it wasn't cancelled until after a civil war . the racial discrimination kept on going till now . Even the first French constitution – declared the human rights ; the citizen , all human beings were born free and equal in rights , but most of the citizens were eliminated from voting because they didn't have properties . In England , the Magna Charta, and then " no representation without taxation " . Garodi thinks that we are in need of a new political and social issue where the base participates wholly substituting the parties system and to fight a battle of human economy .

Chapter ( 11 )

extremism and Terrorism

Extremism is the farm of terrorism where it can grow and boast . they are blossoming for three reasons :

First of all , the deviation of thoughts in apprehending religion and its interpretation.

Second , poverty , frustration and social oppression .

Third , the political depression accompanied by pressing and supporting from abroad . terrorism is the new born of extremism . it is spreading in the area from the east to the west , menacing the security of peoples as it pulls down the countries and the ruling regimes . most of our countries own two or three factors . the extremistic network and the terroristic organisations extend and branch out from Iraq to Morocco , from Lebanon to Algeria and south in Yemen , Somalia and the Sudan , while the middle countries , especially in Egypt and Saudi Arabia are boiling under active menacing networks or sleeping cells , awaiting for a chance to blast off towards destruction and killing . this led to deformation of the national resistance in the area . these organisations penetrated in the areas of liberation and independence wars , as in Iraq , Palestine , Lebanon and Somalia . they committed assassination operations hazardly , they blemished the white face of the resistance . it led to giving all the justifications before the local ruling regimes to intensify the security grasp and practising more oppression and depression and confiscating the public freedom by means of Emergency Laws , or outside law under the name of combating terrorism and insuring the right of people in security and stability . the political tyranny allied with the economical , social oppression became more ferocious along the Arabic map , while the foreign occupation was like air applying the well- known American recipe ; “ the constructive chaos “ it led also to offering a remarkable service to the American Zionist occupation which attacks fiercely the Arab countries .

The two parts traded the fruitful gains ; the organisations of extremism and terrorism spread and expand and get sympathy , sometimes , because they claim they fight the “ Zionist – crusading “ conquest , those who impose their sovereignty on our Arabic Islamic peoples . Whereas the foreign occupation wage battles and armed confrontations along our map , with the pretext of combating this “ Islamic “ terrorism , particularly in the shadow of extremistic American phobia , ruled by president Bush and the new conservatives together with the Jewish lobby . In fact , what goes on in Lebanon was expected because they lived a few years ago a state of escalating political tension . the majority powers led by the future current “ Saad El Hariri “ with his coalition “ Gaga “; the maronit and “ Gonbilat”; the Dorsi , accused Syria of financing and weaponing the organisation of “ Fath El Islam “ while another power of opposition relies that “ Saad El Hariri “ financed and armamented this Sunni organisation to stand before Hezbollah ; the Shiite , the main opponent of the “ future current “ these are new riddles until they are proved to be right or wrong . anyway , these organizations of extremism and terrorism found a place for themselves inside Lebanon .

What we saw in Gaza as if it were guerrillas ; kidnapping , snipering , screaming scenes we used to see between the Palestinians and the Israelis . between those who resist for wiping out the occupation and the occupied forces pressing on the Palestinian people . But what we saw was between the Palestinians themselves. street fighting , mutual menaces , arsoning publicly and , private properties and attacking prominent personalities in the Palestinian national authority . Under the shadow of the state of confusion and escalating hostility ; the Egyptian security delegation didn’t manage to convince the two conflicting parties to cease fire . Meanwhile , Israel made use of what was going on , alleging that there was no Palestinian partner to negotiate with. They propagated ideas that Gaza became a fortification for Hamas which will set up a state in this sector . Fath will put up a state in the western bank . the reporters of the Israeli newspapers gloated over what happened in the Palestinian lands . they said they could accept two “ Palestinian states “ living side by side with Israel .

The question that poses itself is this what the fighters want in Gaza? ? In Iraq, in Samara , two minarets of the two shrines of " El Imam Ali El Hadi and Hassan El Askari " they were exposed to explosion . later , three Sunni mosques were exploded . El Malki attributed what happened to Quaeda and Saddam's supporters . scores of inhabitants in El Nagaf city , south of Baghdad , marched in demonstrations protesting against what happened and charged the American forces with causing the sectarian violence and not taking the suitable procedures to forbid what happened . El Sadr suspended his participation in the parliament . He declared mourning for three days . He also , called for peaceful demonstration to express resentment . El Sistani ; the Supreme Shiite reference in Iraq asked all to control one' self and not to do any action of retaliation against the Sunnis . Sheikh Hereto El Dari ; the general secretary of the Sunnis in Iraq accused the government of Malki of standing behind the explosion of the two shrines in Samara .

In the same time , in Lebanon the representative opposer to Syria , Waleed Eido , his elder son and two of his companions were killed as a result of blast in Beirut. The police clarified that this was the first aggression in Beirut took place by day since the wave of explosion targeting at commercial and inhabited areas after the breaking out of the clashes of " Nahr El Bared " and the Lebanese army .

In Darfor, Washington considered the consent of the Sudan to deploy a joint force in the region on condition that it must be all Africans as a refusal to deploy all the forces which consist of 17 – 19 soldiers and a policemen . Before that , the Sudanese government accused the western countries to attempt to colonise the Sudan anew . It refuses to deploy a joint force from the United Nations and the African Union in Darfor . Khartoum described Zalmai;s menaces ; the American delegate in the united nations – as imposing extra sanctions like a policy of failure . they think that Zalmai ; who was an ambassador to his country in Iraq is still looking at the world from imperial spectrum . Khartoum is careful to negotiate with the rebellion movements , to solve the crisis in the region peacefully . It is possible for the Sudanese to convene with the united nations and African union to come to ultimate settlement in Darfor . Experts from the united nations and the African union together with official Sudanese convened in Addis Ababa to negotiate in a detailed plan to send a joint force consisting of 23 thousand agents to replace other force from the African union of 7 thousand agents which suffered from lack of finance and machines . the reluctance of the Sudanese to solve the problem of Darfor obliged Washington to impose economical sanctions . in fact , these sanctions declared by Bush was not the first . ; the Sudan is being sanctioned since 1997 , but that was not a surprise because Washington warned to execute these sanctions on Khartoum to force them accepting international forces in Darfor , and to stop the actions of violence in the area . the Sudanese gained experience in dealing with these American sanctions long ago .

Some think that these American sanctions are just a political situation addressing the media , the groups of pressure and the American public opinion . And , if the American administration wanted to take painful resolutions , these sanctions would be extended to the effective companies , in the Sudanese petroleum and economy . the Sudan should be careful because the graduation of sanctions won't last because of the escalating pressures practised over the resolution makers in Washington and the western countries to stop what they think genocide and massacres in Darfor .

The Sudanese minister of human affairs " Ahmad Haroun " –he was wanted by the Criminal Court now ,accused of genocide , together with the Sudanese president El Basher , he was put in a critical situation and asked the Arab League to convene ------- explained that the Dafor's cause can be divided into three main topics :

The international situation -- the dialogue with the armed movements , -- and the human situation . As for the international situation , the Sudanese faced a basic challenge , it is the Security Council resolution 1706 which implied basically establishing an occupation authority in the Sudan and canceling the state authority . the Sudanese with co operation with Egyptian diplomacy overcame this resolution . As for the dialogue with the armed movements in Darfor ; it is certain that it was a local problem and they convened with most of the movements and organizations except four movements . they are ; -- the justice and equality presided by Khalil Ibrahim. It can be considered the military flank of the popular conference party presided by Hassan ElTorabi .

_ the popular movement to liberate the Sudan presided by Abdul Wahid Muhammad Nor, who traveled to Holland asking for political asylum .

_ group 19 presided by Ahmad Abdul Shafi .

_ the front of Salvation of Darfor led by Sheriff Hariri with Dereeg who is over 80 years. Now there are a lot more of movements asking for anything . Experts think that there is a lot of oil reservations in Darfor ., that is why everyone wants to come there . In fact , there are connections with these movements and Egypt who is playing an important role and many Sudanese leaders were invited to Cairo . All the parts whether they are in the Sudanese government or in the armed movements or in the various Sudanese powers believe that Egypt is the only country qualified for this . they hope to hold a convention for a reconciliation with the co operation with the African Union and the envoy of the general secretary of the United Nations .

As for the human situation ; there are a lot of hidden and unknown powers want to keep the situation as it is , because they make use of the refugees and the request for food , cure and human care to invest all that for their political and personal interests . To be exact, the value of aids specified for food only is worth 780 million dollars . Only 138 millions dollars was spent on the needy . that means the rest which is 642 million dollars was stolen by the brokers , salaries , bonus and administration expenditure . that means each dollar goes to food , five dollars go to the others . there are 800, 000 persons in the refugees camps , but the afflicted ones estimated 2,5 millions . the Sudanese government demanded the priority of the purchasing to be from the local markets where articles are available . half of the donating countries ; from the European Union , Japan and Australia agreed , except the US refused because they have their policy based on supporting the American farmer , consequently the donation was given from their production . Egypt is the nearest to the hearts of the Sudanese ., there is a good example for this love . there is an Egyptian battalion in " Kadogly Area " where they have a military hospital and water wells posed in the services of the citizens . there are over than 3000 soldiers and policemen working under the African Union . the same citizens don't like other nationalities who got high salaries , bought cars , they ran over the citizens and killed them . for instance , in Goba , south of Sudan , the citizens marched in a demonstration against the officials of the foreign organisations , because 5or 6 car accidents a day . these accidents cause victims of injuries and casualties . Edward Leno ; the responsible for the security and intelligence of the Popular movement for liberating Sudan in 1997 and 2005 defended Silva Care ; the first vice of the Sudanese president and the chairman of the Popular movement for liberating Sudan dueling accusation in public with the Sudanese president Omar El Basher during celebrating the second remembrance of the peace convention signature , where he complained that concerning the cause of oil revenues , still some oil wells in the south belonged to the north and the borders were not settled yet .the oil amount actually produced estimated at more than 800, 000 BL a day , but the National Conference deals with it about 450, 000 BL a day .

The situation needs transparency and the National Conference still insists on unilateralism and non- transparency . the National Conference should execute the terms of the convention wholly . It mistakes in reading the reality if it depends on the situation of some agents ; from the movement preferred to be belonged to the National Conference as Garang's sons , Salva group ; names come from outside the movements . In Malekal , a leader of some militias belonged to the movement, his name was Gabriel Tanknia stirred unrests . Some of his men opened fire on four young men who were walking in the street , some of them were dead who happened to be from the Popular army . When the police arrived , his forces shot one of the police , they couldn't control themselves any more . the police followed Gabriel and his forces who went to Malekal garrison which belonged to the Sudanese army , they refused to deliver him , so there were fire and shooting . then he was smuggled by the army to Katogly first , then to Khartoum . He accused the military intelligence making troubles . they traded the cause of peace . this mentality is the cause of unrests in Sudan . they grew too much that they became a state within the state and a government within a government .

This foundation spends more than 70% of the financial specifications of the army , although nobody can talk about these specifications . the same thing applied on the budget of the ministry of energy . this school of intelligence ; since it is doing the duty of the government , it manages all the requirements of El Genguaweed in Darfor , armament , provisions and machines , and the requirements of El Fersan – Cavaliers in Darfor ,and all the other militias in Sudan ;- the Popular Defense and the Army of God , this intelligence has branches in the neighboring countries , in Uganda , Chad , Central Africa and Somalia . the intelligence mentality which works in the south is practising the same thing in the north , Darfor and the east . Sudan would be more tumultuous than Somalia unless the government reconsiders these things earlier .

Close sources to the Sudanese government believed that five leaders from the Rebellion Salvation Front ( El Khalas ) left for Israel to get a financial support to the front . this was the second visit , they go to Chad after that to function this support on the military action with the collaboration of the Chadian governmental forces . But , the Front refused these accusations . Gabriel Adam Belal ; the military leader in the Front and the spokesman of Equality and justice movements assured that these news was not true , and they have political goals to stamp the Front with betrayal and carry out foreign plans to stir up the public opinion inside Sudan against them . Ibrahim Ahmad Ibrahim one of the leaders of liberating Sudan movement , opposing Abuja convention assured all the factions of liberating Sudan movement opposing Abuja convention agreed on unity . they decided after intensive talks to issue the unity schedule that will be discussed in a small conference to produce a unified political skeleton . they got the conclusion that they couldn't negotiate with the ruling Sudanese national conference , ; considering it unable and unqualified to play any negotiative role and accused it of splitting the country by the name of peace .

El Sadek El Mahdi ,; chairman of Sudanese Nation Party " El Umma " and Imam El Ansar – the leaders of the supporters –attributed the bad conditions in Darfor and the Sudan to the ruling party . He believed that there should be true solutions to the reasons of the crisis rather than running useless initiatives and the frame of sanctions is a failure because the US is looking upon us as the devil in the area , any cause would harm it . Any subject they adopted resulted in reversed positions . People in Darfor no longer trust in the government and considered it the reason of this catastrophe. The solution can be applied by the existence of international forces to monitor cease fire and achieving a degree of security and discipline , in addition to applying the resolution 1593 and questioning the criminals who committed crimes in Darfor and doing procedures to build up trust through changing the administrations found in Darfor which were a part of the problem . They are condemned for committing criminal actions or cover them . In addition to compensating all those who were injured or afflicted and those who are in the refugees' camps , individual compensation to those whose money was stolen or whose properties were arsoned . Collective compensation ; by setting up schools and hospitals . As for the political solution . it needs a sort of dialogue ; gathering all the people of Darfor including all the political and social powers in the region to restore the position as it was before 1989 . the share of Darfor in authority and fortune should be according to the volume of the residents . this symposium of Darfor should be shown in another Sudanese symposium in a frame of similar procedures to the rest of Sudan so as to be as a guarantee to support Darfor's demands .

In his opinion , there is no use for unifying the movement , but they should unify the demands . He didn't think the ruling government would offer condescension because that means a condemnation to the government policy and the required demands means to change " Nefesha convention " for peace with the popular movement which granted the ruling party 52 % of authority . Now the interests of Sudan is in return for the interests of the national conference party . When the government talks about near elections , and they will be democratic ; after that , as a means of escape ahead . It is difficult for the elections to be consummated while there is no stability in the south , besides a lot of people in the north should be registered for the polls . Likewise in

Darfor , one third of the residents are in the camps and they won't accept any registering before the government responds to their rights . 20 % of Sudan are homeless . the elections can be cheated and they would have nothing to do with the people and their real will . all the initiatives done by the neighboring countries to solve the problem of Darfor will be useless unless the government admits that they represent only one opinion from different opinions in the Sudan , and all these opinions need to be compromised .

In Morocco , Abu Mossab Abdul Wadoud inaugurated the construction of El Quaeda with the Islamic coalition group for fighting in Algeria . He formulated their scattering battalion and regiments in the east and west of Algeria and the borders of the neighboring countries and in the African coast ; where he redistributed the terroristic map after he defined the missions and the plans and the quality of the operation of each group . Then , series of terrible explosion shocked the Algerian capital in April 2007 . It hit the government palace and the building of the ministry of home affairs . the new strategy of Quaeda in Morocco represents in two main points :

_ Opening new lines and areas to smuggle weapons , making unnoticed deals with the wandering Bedouin tribes in the African coast areas especially , El Taw ark and similar groups in Mali's borders – Algeria and succeeded in bringing some weapons ; yet the great part of these operations were busted and destroyed by Algerian security forces , after they spread military and security forces along the Moroccan – Algerian borders from one part and the African coast countries around the clock from other part .

_ the second point was to attract new members to this area and train them how to make blast explosives and suicide cars ., and send them back home to carry out their operations and that relatively what they succeeded to do in Tunisia , Mauritania and Morocco .

Algerian authorities in collaboration with the Moroccan security forces to decode the recruiting and penetrate Quaeda . Algeria arrested groups of terrorists in Libya , Mauritania and Nigeria before going up to the mountains where their fortifications in the Algerian east states are existing , besides , killing Sami Si'od ; the leader of recruiting cell in Quaeda of Morocco . On the other hand , the latter realized the new strategy to paralyse and beat their agents . they decided to face the Moroccan security forces . they gave up secrecy and accepted the challenge with the authorities .

Chapter ( 10 )

The Americans didn’t care for the Egyptians’ anger because of the American criticism to the state of reform and democracy in Egypt and other countries ; particularly when Bush expressed his sorry for the imprisonment of a number of opposers ; Ayman Nor ; and the chairman of El Jihad Party . this time , the Egyptians were so angry that president Mubarak decided not to attend the summit of the Octavete in Berlin to discuss the African causes . Another reason for the problems of America is due to the refusal of a request offered by Dick Chini in one of his visit ; he asked Egypt to send some forces to Iraq . these little disputes won’t become a real crisis ; but the deep cooperation between Washington and countries of mediocrity won’t stop . the reason for this is that the bilateral relations seem more important than all aspects of satisfaction or anger which we see on the surface .

There are three factors which are interacted separately forming the body of this relation . First of all , the American foreign policy and their well known fixed interests in the area , second , the exceeding security dependency of the Arabian government which allows to intelligent security co operation much more than we imagine. Third , the position which the Arab leaders try to appear in front of the Arabic public opinion which is doubtful in the American goals . these factors affect fundamentally in treating many regional problems whether under the term of striving terrorism or preserving the system security . Hence , the American attention didn’t pay much care with the cases of democracy or reform .

One of the wise Americans ; who was in charge ; General Zeini ; he was one of the American leaders who criticized the unjustified American invasion to Iraq . he exhorted before the invasion , the reflections of the post military on Iraq , and on the Arab countries and peace process . he pointed out that the area suffers from lack of stability . As for the American- Egyptian relationship ; it is indispensable and strategic , although there may be some differences in points of views . Egypt is the most influential country in the area . this influence extends from the east to the west , to the Gulf and Africa and may be further than that because Egypt controls the naval and air paths like Suez Canal which is the artery that connects the east with the west . Geography , history culture and the Egyptian people make Egypt a strategic country to America and play a role in the stability of the area . Zeini reassured that the reasons of the failure of peace initiatives as yet , from Oslo , to Ana police . He boldly believed that there was no peace process . If there were efforts for peace , there would be possible to control freezing settlements . America and international Quartet must play their role , if Fath and Hamas agreed to move towards a political solution . the basis of resolution is known the borders of 1967 in return for the land , moreover the Palestinian State has all the potentials of life : economy , water , land , schools , hospitals and foundations . He clarified that the best way is to formulate action committees , studying all the ultimate solution independently ; with all the details and work 24 hours a day and 7 days a week . He assured the importance of the Egyptian role where joint security arrangements may be posed where Egypt . Jordon , the gulf countries and Britain contain any problems of the area .

Egypt was always careful to side by side with the Lebanese people with all their sects and political powers without being involved in supporting any side against the other . Naturally President Mubarak issued his directions to send hurry aids on board a military plane to Lebanon and continuing the Egyptian military hospital to be on duty . It was there in Beirut since the summer of 2006 . It was sent including the Egyptian air bridge carrying tons of food and medical aids to Beirut during the Israeli conquest to Lebanon . Egypt , as well ,--- keeping on their contact with all the political powers to solve the current crisis to preserve the stability of Lebanon . this mission is done by Egypt because of Egypt’s national; role and for the Lebanese people . Egypt has no agenda in Lebanon and they are not biased to any power on the account of the other .

The secret of economy is energy and weapons . the magic wand of the flourish of companies and providing chances of employment is weapons . International Stockholm Institute for peace researches assured in its latest studies that the world military expenditure raised 3. 5 % to 1, 2 trillion because of the increase of the American expenditure on the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan . the researches exhorted of the rarity of gas and oil sources in the near future , it may lead to breaking out of new wars in the world and not only in the middle east . the studies clarified that the US spent 529 billion dollars on the military operations in 2006 . It pointed out that the Chinese are modernizing their weapons .China is the greatest country in Asia concerning the military expenditure . Japan reduced their military expenditure in 2006 . America and Russia were the biggest exporters of weapons since 2002 up to 2006 . the European Union with the rate 20% of weapons exporting . China and India were the biggest importers of weapons . Five countries in the middle east were among ten biggest importers of weapons in the world .

The media focused on exporting the weapons to and from Iran , basically from Russia . the weapons shipments were from America and Europe to Israel , Saudi Arabia and Emirates . Meanwhile , there are 200 million idle , unemployed in the world . 1,37 billions live on less than two dollar a day , that what the General Manager of the International Labor Office Juan Somafia declared . He said the solution of unemployment does not come as priority for the interests of the politicians . Only some Asians countries made use of the globalizing economical breakthrough . they were able to raise up productive potentials in many domains ; that what provides new jobs and increases thee economical growth . And the interests of the great companies that contributed in reducing the rate of poverty and improving the standard of living with better rates than that in Africa or Latin America . Whereas, in America and Europe , there was a remarkable increase in the jobs of services which reached the rate of 1. 2 % from 1991 up to 2003 , the chances of work in the productive and industrialized sectors reduced badly , while the companies achieved a lot of profits . However , It was the responsibility of the globalization this great rate of unemployment in the world . there are more than 300 million young men who live on 2 dollars a day . Providing chances of jobs in the Arab world is considered a crisis . the rate of unemployment in the area is the highest in the world .

When the great economic powers predicted of globalization ; several years ago , particularly during the reign of Bill Clinton . these powers pointed out that the increase of the international amalgamation volume of opening the domain in front of transferring the investments , articles and services . i.e. all will win . in fact there were some examples to support their predictions , like the rise of growth rate in great countries like China , India and great growth in the movement of exports . converting the poor of these countries into rich people in less than two decades . In addition to great economic progress in small countries like Chilly and Ireland , and other countries like Brazil , Russia and other countries in Eastern Europe . on the other hand , a few years ago ; there were some worse manifestations as a result of the augmentation of the economic globalization , especially the rise of prices to several primary articles , and food goods i.e. agricultural and mineral ones . These dire aspects increased now as a result of turning food articles into energy ,since the price of oil roared up. And monopoly of super speculation powers which add nothing to production , but they try to achieve gains on he expense of the real producing powers in the world . As a matter of fact , speculation was always there in the ordinary circumstances ; but with the world economy conversion , the world turned out to be a great Casino ; not only for the markets of funds and currencies , but the markets of food as well . this is very dangerous ; in this way ; globalization becomes a synonym to starvation for a lot of countries around the world . If speculation powers are left to play games in the world economy ; this will lead to tensions and world economic turmoil which were not existed before .

Some part of American mentality tries to let Egypt alone without any connection with the Arab world . Other part tries to demolish Islam in Egypt . For example , there is in Egypt , a Byzantine debate about the Egypt ‘ s affiliation to the Arabs . Is it just a cultural affiliation or basically ethnic and racial one . Is it something original in Egypt ? or a superstition made up in Nasser stage , which was harmful , rather than useful .Neither were the Arabs unified nor was Egypt Egyptianised. Although , the Islamic reference measures the Arabic affiliation in terms of the language ; not the race . Those who can speak Arabic are Arabs . There are many powers do their best to stamp out the identity of the area and reduce the Arabic ocean ----- the new Iraqi constitution stated that ; the Arabic people in Iraq – not all Iraq – a part from the Arab nation -- as there were thoughts discussed to modulate the area to be coined in a new frame including Israel entitled the Greater Middle East . There was a sort of atmosphere to isolate the Arabisation took place after the Nasser period ; either to wipe it out or to liquidify it . We can’t think well in those who propagated the isolation or through raising the slogan “ our country first “ and “ we have nothing to do with the burdens of the Arabic problems “ .

To market these thoughts i. e . to weaken each country at a time . The Palestinians will be handed to Israel who will be encouraged to assault all the Arab world and submit the whole area to the American regime .

Islam wasn’t luckier than Arabisation . Islam was exposed to cancellation and deterioration . Although these invocations were not new , but they were one of the confrontation between the Islamic and secular currents . The atmosphere of the constitutional amendments took place in Egypt in 2006 provided available circumstances to renew the invocation boldly many cultivated and fanatic demanded to cancel all Islamic reference found in the Egyptian constitution Hence , what used to be said precautiously , now it is said in public and on TV where talk shows persuade the viewers not to be affiliated to Islam ; they claim struggling extremism and terrorism and respecting the rights of non- Muslims . The danger of this vision represents in three things . First , it makes a deep crack in the Egyptian society which is naturally religious . Second , it forms a suitable background to the extremists who utilize their thoughts to convince the young men to denounce their society ; with the pretext that it is against religion .Third , it destroys religion ‘ to facilitate stormy winds of estrangement which is looking forward to rooting out all the fixed values of Nation .

So , on making a decision, the decision makers in Washington , behave towards the Arabs from the point of view that “ they are all Arabs “ they don’t differ between the Arab countries . when the decision connects with Arab and Israel , they calculate ; whether the Arabs possess the potential to move and press or not . Since the Arabs don’t possess their destiny as a result of denial of national security strategy , the resolution maker takes into consideration what he calls the “ Arabic stillness “ consequently there is no what he obliges him to change the biased policy towards Israel . Papers and researches of political analysts working in American governmental administrations – were busted – that the American policy doesn’t accept the approach of the Arabian countries about any project gathering them in united political attitudes and they do their best to pull any move in that direction .

After the modifications that took place since 2003 , most of them the transportation of the confrontation line from the borders of the ex Soviet Union to inside the Arab world ; this area – according to what they say – the incubator of the new enemy “ terrorism “ what goes on inside any Arab country could touch their national security . In addition , terrorism has exceeded and turned to be an internal security hazard , threatening all the countries in the area . It can’t be dealt with individually , but they must confront it from a unified national strategy after it crossed the borders , the strategies of the super powers implied ; weakening the national bond the national bond between the Arab countries . After 2003 , these strategies aimed at weakening the bond of national affiliation inside the country ; by arousing the ethnic sectarian disputes . The US is involved in stimulating these disputes between the Sunnis and the Shiite , and the political conflict in Israel about thee idea of negotiating with Syria . this idea comes and goes according to the circumstances . There were many of Ulmert’s proposals to Syria ; the trade of returning “ Golan “ to Syria on condition to reconsider basically their relationship with Iran and Lebanese Hezbollah Party . This suggestion is mysterious and malicious in the same time , because it aims at driving Syria away from most important strategic coalition without any real guarantee from the part of Israel to return “ Golan “ actually to the Syrian regime . Even this negotiation isn’t decisive among the Israeli themselves ; because the Israeli Right under the leadership of Netanyahu the leader of Likud ; who dreams to come back again as a prime minister to a campaign against the idea of negotiating with Syria altogether . . He refused to leave “ Golan “ absolutely . It is well known that the Israeli right finds indirect support from the American administration which thinks that Syria didn’t do what they should have done ; whether in Iraq or Palestine or getting away completely from Iran , and they didn’t stop confusing the Lebanese arena and they refuse to respond with the International Tribunal .

Henceforth , there is no any justification to offer some rewards to Damascus , like to allow Syria to negotiate with Israel ; that may result in solving the cause of “ Golan “ later on . But , otherwise , we have the same statements that speak about the comprehensive overwhelming with the opposing powers politically that may contradict with the American strategy in deploying democracy in the Middle East . In fact , there are some notorious opposers in many Arab countries invoke the US to practise great pressure politically and economically to change the route of the political life from within ; thus serving the American considerations regardless the value of these ones concerning home and society .

In the case of Syria , the existence of the Israeli occupation to “ Golan “ doesn’t guarantee the conversion of Syria to democracy , nor does it guarantee any sort of peaceful change or conveying the opposition to the top of presidency, ; unless we present the Iraqi scene anew ; the invading forces to topple over the regime , imposing a new president from abroad without any popularity inside . He will be obliged to surround himself with fortified geographical areas ; leaving the rest to face sabotage . In this case all the country will be exposed to mortality . And any talk about liberating any part of the occupied land , something of fun .

On the other hand , the ex – American president Carter tries hard to adjust the American political routes towards the interests of the Americans themselves. He busted the great role-played by the Zionist Lobby in directing these routes in favor of Israel , hiding facts from the American people . This attempt followed by increasingly criticism from the part of Israel and their agents inside the US . They stamped him with being ignorant of the history facts , and accused him of nourishing the conflict between Israel and the Arabs . That is because his opinions expressed in his book “ Palestine peace not apartheid “ didn’t match with their whims and their blind bias to Israel . The topic of the book opposes the apartheid Israel practised with the Palestinians , which was used to be practised by the governments of South Africa before Nelson Mandela took over the regime .

Carter didn’t suffice issuing that book , but he went on talking in the newspapers attacking fiercely president George Bush because his administration didn’t do the real effort to make peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians ; and because of the dilemma which America live due to the Iraqi conquest . He assured that Bush’s policies planted hostility in the Arabs’ hearts towards America . The Americans made the position in the Middle East worse than before and reinforced Iran , Hamas and Hezbollah . Carter described Bush ; the worst in the American history in the domain of the international relationship . He launched a violent campaign on Bush’s administration because it left behind the basic values of the American society . He , also , criticized British prime minister Tony Blair because of his blind follow to Bush . Carter considered the support offered by Britain to bush’s policies lack wisdom and their decision to launch war was a great catastrophe to the world . Carter didn’t forget to denounce the violations took place in the American prisons in “ Guantanamo “ and Abu Ghreib prison and the changes occurred to the perceptions of civil freedom and human rights in America .

Chapter ( 9 )

After the conventions between Israeli secretary of state and those of Egypt and Jordon , and the meetings took place in Belgium between all the Arab secretaries of state and the European commissioner, bedsides Amr Moses contacts in New York aiming to survive the Arabic negotiations and the Arabs seem to appear as if they were prepared for peace . what was the outcome ? the statement issued by the International Quartet was like a cold shower on the Arabs' heads . It only demanded the Palestinians to stop violence and to set free the Israeli kidnapped soldier . Israel is demanded nothing but to avoid civilian victims . the statement of the Egyptian foreign affairs described the issues of the Quartet as they were not balanced and exposed the Quartet credibility ; as a neutral part , to questioning , but since when was the Quartet neutral ? . It seems that as if the International Society had realized that the Arabic initiative died the moment it was born .

On the other hand , it seems that the imbalanced resolution issued by the Security Council concerning the International Tribunal in the case of El Hariri's assassination under the seventh term of the charter cope with the inferior view to the positions of the Arab countries . the interference in their sovereignty is allowable . Unless the Lebanese agreed together to set up the court according to their wills, America and France will hurry up to issue an obligatory resolution to establish the international tribune where the super powers would pose their conditions with the team America and France support regardless the other team , this will lead to a civil war . the Arabic diplomacy in front of these successive developments stand puzzled after a vigilance didn't last long . As a result of this , the role of the general secretary of the United Nations is retreating much , more than before . Pan Ki Mon is only satisfied with the international problems ; utilizing the seventh chapter of the charter , to punish the Arabs regardless the other countries . As long as the internal fighting in Palestine between Hamas and Fath , and the Arabic division is prevailing in the Arabic area the external interference will be stronger than any Arabic movements or initiatives .

We can see now the Palestinian territories are burning , the blood is shed and the future is committing suicide under the feet of the warriors of Fath and Hamas . Do they see that the way to liberate their occupied lands and build the future country ? If it isn't why they insist on fighting each other ? No sooner had Hamas won the legislative election and established the government , than the clash between the two organizations began to take several forms until it turned into shooting fire . the militias of the two parties are about 8000 warriors . they fight each other more ferociously than they fight Israel . the victims of the Palestinian – Palestinian fight are much more than those who were killed by Israeli fire . Now , it is clear that , after all the attempts to cease fire between the two parties failed .

Both are in favor of their own interests . If Fath organization is secular , yet it desires peace with Israel and chose to accept two countries , and cooperate with the international and regional powers to put this choice into practice through negotiations. Whereas Hamas adopts the policy of the armed resistance . It refuses the declaration of accepting Oslo treatments signed by the Liberation Organization .Also , Hamas refuses the admission of Israel . Hamas depends on the reference of the Divine , and the Absolute , while Fath goes back to humane reference , It fights to protect their peaceful project , , the influence they enjoyed long and sovereignty in the Palestinian street . Hamas tries to gather between resistance and authority . they work on sabotaging the peace process and most of all to control Gaza absolutely and through away Fath so as to set up their Islamic province .

There goals come across with the Syrian and Iranian ones . Syria built up their strategy on connecting between achieving peace in all routes till the day won't to stand alone against Israel and the " occupied Golan " As for Iran they planned to catch the Palestinian paper together with the Lebanese and Iraqi paper in their conflict with the US.

The disasters the Palestinian citizen is increasing , every morning ; starts his day exposing to the Palestinian and Israeli fires . If he looks around he won't find but the effects of the stifling besiege which began with the arrival of Hamas . Around the clock , he will hear nothing but news about Israeli assault , assassinations of prominent leaders and kidnapping ministers and parliamentary representatives and destruction of foundations . If he thinks in damning Israel , he will remember the Palestinian fighting and a lot of victims .

Cairo is the big brother who tries to compromise between the two parts . Egypt is obliged to launch initiative after another despite the deep doubts of the possibilities of its success . the basic significance behind these initiatives as the following:

-- This crisis is bound to blow up again in the near future , may be it will be more brutal than before -----( and this is what really happened -------)

It is proved that we can't solve the crisis in the frame of security only , but it must be solved politically as well .

It is necessary to modify the law of election to permit the rest of the other political currents and the powers of the civilized society and the independents ; to have a better chance to formulate the 3rd middle current representing liberalism and democracy . It is better to do this election soon ; new presidency and new parliament . to restore the balance of the different political map .

Finishing of the sovereignty of the warriors and princes of the militias . To adjust the reversed positions , to enable policy to direct the gun and not vice versa .

It is necessary to change all the leaders of the security systems to work politics . And to submit all these systems to the command of the home front minister who is chosen on the basis of professional efficiency . Not affiliated to a certain sect or ethnic .

It is proved that , it is quite difficult , and impossible to succeed in gathering simultaneously between the authority and the armed resistance . Arafat himself tried that but he lost his life as a price to this attempt.

The oppressed majority of the Palestinians is the only front which pays the price of this unfair economical boycott . And the popular solidarity reached a critical situation , to state of recession , phenomena of traveling abroad , from the part of the Palestinians . the Palestinian society is being penetrated before the enemy and social deviations .

The international society is obliged to set up a Palestinian state and develop the Palestinian society in all fields .

In Israel , the military people expect war on the Syrian front , unless Israel responds to the quest of president Bashar El Assad , he assured years ago his offer to resume the Israeli – Syrian negotiation about the destiny of " Golan "without precedent conditions . He said if Israel suspects his true intentions , he asked it to try rather than precedent refusal . The Israeli newspapers wrote reports daily about military movements on the Israeli side aiming at reinforcing the forces situations ; rebuilding the air defense network against the Israeli planes and the arrival of short and middle range missiles from Iran to strengthen the Syrian military if they decide to stimulate the situation on the Golan front ; to push Israel to accept negotiations .Likewise , the Israeli newspapers talked about the change took place to the situation of the American administration which used to ask Israel to refuse resuming negotiation with Syria because Damascus still supports smuggling the Arab warriors through their borders to Iraq , and thy don't want to stop interfering in Lebanon after the pull out of the Syrian forces .

For all these reasons the Israeli prime minister Ulmert refused the Syrian offer arrogantly ; asking Damascus to drive away all the Palestinian opposing organizations and close their offices in Damascus . there were Israeli talks about fundamental change happened in the American situation dropping the objections of the American administration to resume negotiation between Syria and Israel . the newspapers persuaded the Israeli prime minister Ulmert to respond to the Syrian offer , since it is not logical for Israel to go on refusing the direct dialogue with the Syrians ; while Israel; used to claim that the Arabs refuse to negotiate with them .

The Israelis may think that ; resuming negotiation on the Syrian route , may cause pressure on the Palestinians and may give Israel , in the same time , flexibility of movement and transport from the Palestinian route to the Syrian one , but that reveals the Israeli wish of wasting time because Ulmert will remain till the end of his term unable to take any resolution.

But what will the Lebanon do after the international law ? although the international tribune of the crime of El Hariri's assassination inside the security council was expected , after it was impossible to carry it out in the parliament with the background of the refusal of the opposition just to discuss the court project under the government of El Saniora and putting conditions to put up a national union government . However , the reaction inside the opposition team reflects a real embarrassment and was silent until they agreed together what they will do towards the court project . the question which poses itself what will the court find out in the mission of busting the truth of El Hariri's assassination, in the shade of the great conviction of the majority ; particularly 14 March Current that the decree of accusation in this crime will touch the Syrian regime right away ? therefore , El Saniora was careful to say ; after the convention of the security council that the tribune isn't against any country ; meaning Syria but it searches for justice . Syria in their turn hurried to assure that the court something they have nothing to do with . No doubt that the voting inside the Security council cause a future crisis between the majority team and the state of Quart which refused to vote . Soon a campaign of attack began on Quart 's attitude as strange and biased to the opposition . Berry ; the president of the parliament , can't help criticizing the French and the British delegates inside the Council , he said both the American and British delegates obliged him not to approve the international court before the Lebanese parliament . that means the Lebanese opposition won't accept the reality imposed by the Security council . All the procedures point out that tough days are awaiting Lebanon . the home crisis will grow and the majority powers will realize this hot fix and they will declare soon about a national reconciliation initiative but its success will depend on the acceptance of the opposition ; …. Or in other words Syria ------ all the strings are in the hands of Syria . And all the strings of Syria are in the hands of Iran . It is the treasury of Syria , Hezbollah and Hamas .

The first reaction in Beirut was the reopening of Saint George road ; the place where El Hariri was assassinated . the statements of the French ambassador in Lebanon ; Bernard Emiet reflected a supporting situation to El Saniora's government and demanding the Tribunal to accelerate . He considered the 1707 resolution as a comprehensive one for the international Society for the sake of the truth and the hope of the whole world about 1595 ; the resolution of the United Nation . can the committee for the investigation of El Hariri's assassination ; presided by Perameritz complete its work peacefully ?. to our disappointment , he resigned from the case ? why ? although , he intensified that the Security Council performed a clear exhortation to those who want to root out the stability of this country ; he went on saying that Syria has to reconsider reading this resolution well and the situation of the octave group is very clear because it invokes the members of the international society to cooperate with the Tribunal .

What is happening in Lebanon now has a bad effect on the Lebanese economy which embodies a unique one depending on the external flows and services which focus on the tourist activity not for entertainment or purchasing but for investment in estates and projects besides funds and banks . It is a society of business and commerce whose base and sometimes branches is in Lebanon , but its extensions are in the Gulf countries and along the world map in African ,European and Latin America countries since the Lebanese were great immigrants long ago and they settled in these continents . According to the theory of the economy of services the break- out of the Lebanese civil war in 70th was unjustified as well as the Israeli occupation to the south for years and the Israeli assault to Lebanon , and going to Beirut to besiege , sabotaging and bombing it with missiles and planes --- was not understood , too , the conflict with the Israeli occupation to the south was Lebanese , in addition , the resistance to the Israeli invasion in 2006 and the defeat was sheer Lebanese , although the sources of finance and support was coming from abroad , but Lebanon was a space arena to all the world funds . these financial flows reflect the policy paradoxes and the undeclared mysterious accounts on the surface which is the real controller in the routes and directions of the events . as if what is said publicly is only a play of absurd which is performed for entertainment , maneuver and deceit . As if the international local and regional system is adopting hidden and mysterious policies contrasting completely with what is said in public . So , what is said about the sources of financing , the weapons and the support to Christian militias as well as the Sunnis , the Shiite , the Dorsi and other sectarian militias prove that the hidden policies go in a way different to that policies in public . these things are still performed . Now , as if the president and the prime minister were out of the line of legality and it can't be understood but through the mentality of the " war lords " who are able to achieve the spoils , the interests and the huge profits in all circumstances .

This interprets what is said about the numerous factions which utilize the name of Islam as a façade .they are computerized factions through international regional intelligent systems . As for the positions of Lebanon , it is suffering simultaneously . the consequences of the destructive social and economical results of the Israeli aggression and from sharp political crisis menacing its stability and union . Lebanon may lose the chance of the utmost utility ; first from the exceptional International Arabic support which can't be available but for the conference of Paris – 3 It is approximately 8 billion dollars ; taking the form of loans and donations .

Second , from the possibilities of Arabic financial surpluses to the Lebanese market cherishing investment in different services and production sectors . to cure the problems of deficit and the general debt .

All the political powers in Lebanon welcomed the invitation of France to hold a convention unofficially aiming at the coming back of dialogue to reach a compromising solution to the successive crisis which faced Lebanon . the importance of this invitation interprets the historical location which France fills in the hearts of all the Lebanese ; the " passionate mother " . Moreover , the trend of the French administration in the time of the new president Sarcosi , to open his heart to all the Lebanese political powers after the frustration of the French relations with the Lebanese opposition after the assassination of El Hariri . in this outline there were negotiations between French foreign affairs officials and a representative in the Lebanese parliament representing Hezbollah , in addition to similar negotiations with El Emad Own ; the leader of the free national current that shows the serious direction of the new French trend .

Bush , now is in a critical situation in his explosive battle with Iran due the stifling besiege imposed on him from inside and outside to prevent him from being rash and committing the same disastrous errors in Iraq . This besiege from democratic , republican congress , the American people , and the international society . All warn him not to involve in a war with Iran , and from missing a chance of constructive negotiations with it to rescue him from his dilemma in Iraq and Afghanistan and to solve the problem of Lebanon and Palestine . Many of solutions seem to be in America's hands ; while Bush stands bewildered and hesitant to take the decision : -- escalating his economical and military pressure and hot verbal confrontation , sometimes resorting to diplomacy and elasticity , other times , sending two carriers , warships and submarines to the Gulf , deploying Patriot missiles and F 16 carrying nuclear heads , then assuring that he has no intentions to conquer Iran , accusing it of producing nuke weapons , then doubting in the American intelligence information for fear of being wrong data as they were in Iraq ., assuring his commitment of the diplomatic curriculum , but he doesn't deny beating the Iranian establishments , demanding the American forces to kill and arrest the Iranians inside Iraq , then persisting on his readiness to start negotiations with Iran on a high level . An American official admits that bush takes a defense position . that points out the anxiety of the hazard confrontation .

On the other side, Iran seems in a powerful position , more daring and more challenging . Iran utilizes and invests American weakness , they kept extending and profounding their intelligence , economical; and military influence along the whole area , but that outruns their nuclear menace . their supporters spread all over Iraq where the Shiite militias . It is said that there are 132, 000 agents working for Iran there , some of them work in important governmental jobs , we find them in Lebanon , that is Hezbollah which was set up under the Iranian sponsorship after the Israeli conquest in 1982 . In Palestine ; Hamas militias ---- in Afghanistan where Iran provides their insurgents with money , weapons and hi – tech explosives . In Yemen , in Saada , where El Hothi is fighting the governmental forces . As a result of the Iranian powerful effect to those factions , the American soldiers in the area seem as if they were hostages to Iran .

It is believed that the White House itself is penetrated with Iranian agents . America bears alone the failure in the area and the responsibility in escalating the Iranian influence . America wants to impose democracy on the whole world It connects only to the country which can achieve its sovereignty on the sensitive areas in the world and that within the next century . Basically Israel , then Iraq , as for the Arab world , it aims at controlling the petroleum sources . they will have to import oil mainly by the end of 2015 . they try to modulate the Iraqi Oil Law to lean on the participation in profits systems PSA between Iraq and the companies which will extract from the Iraqi lands; this system was refused by Venezuela and Russia . this is quite an evidence that America wants to control the country which has the biggest oil reserves so as to grasp the area of the Arabic Gulf . as for the world American strategic plans , they are shaping a strategy whose goal is a try to return to the atmosphere of the cold war . they extend a missile wall in Poland and Czech to attract the attention again to the race of armament ; to remind the eastern European countries that the Soviet – western hostility is still existing .

If America has the absolute international power alone , without any rival on the international arena that will lead to the military relaxation, particularly after they failed in converting the international terrorism into international hazard ; menacing the international stability , then , afterwards , the world found out that the focus of terrorism grows in the areas trodden by the US to eradicate the roots of terrorism , particularly in Iraq, Afghanistan , Palestine and Lebanon .So , the military relaxation will reduce the American weapons export to the areas of tension and tumult . they will create limited regional conflicts so that unrests may break out , that will be a fertile field to attract weapons . the US found in the market of the Arabian Gulf good opportunity to marketing gigantic deals -- as the Dove deal with Saudi Arabia – and with other Gulf countries which feared the deployment of the Shiite Iranian influence in this area . Hence , we see the escalation and reinforce the accent of supporting the Sunnis against the increase of the Shiite influence .that is why Lebanon turned out to be an experiment lab to set fires of sectarians between the Sunnis and the Shiite . now they couldn’t control Iraq since the Shiite influence got victorious over the Sunnis . As a matter of fact , it is difficult to predict what will happen in Iraq after they skipped over demanding the government of El Malki to achieve a serious national reconciliation with the Sunnis and issuing a decree to share out the oil revenue equally between the Sunnis , the Shiite , and the Kurdish , besides , changing the constitution in favor of a central government . It is claimed that the Malki government is too weak to achieve the goals and there is no otherwise , that means, the consecration of controlling the coalition of the Shiite and the Kurdish on the destiny of Iraq and breaking their promise of preserving the union of Iraq because the ultimate result of this policy is the division of Iraq into three states and making the circumstances possible for the continuation of the civil war between the Sunnis and the Shiite to define the destiny of Iraq when the American force release slightly their existence in Iraq they will keep only a limited fighting force chasing el Qaeda and try to besiege the blast cars operation . they will leave ;as well, forces to train the new Iraqi army .

The American will justify their betrayal to the Sunnis of Iraq blaming the Iraqi people and bearing the responsibility of what is happening in Iraq , that is expected with the allegation that they accomplished their duties in toppling Saddam while the Iraq failed in doing their role and in coming to compromise between the three powers, the Shiite ,the Sunnis and the Kurdish . the change occurred concerning the failure of the new plan by increasing the numbers of the American forces to achieve the security of Baghdad after the escalation of violence and the blast cars to the climax as it reflects the collapse of Bush’s popularity to the bottom to the point that most of the Americans considered him the worst president ever ruled the U.S. this new policy of Bush may lead to an approach between the Republicans and the Democratic who insist on pulling the fighting forces of the US by the start of 2008 . But they will leave the destiny of Iraq to the unknown , particularly if the civil war broke out after the withdrawal of the American forces. All the clashing forces are planning . the Shiite militias , the Sunnis and El Quaeda . they will leave the middle east area in great danger . the American interests will be at risk unless Washington carry out a comprehensive reconciliation with Iran ; enabling it to achieve most of its regional goals . Perhaps , America and Israel are doing huge air maneuvers ; expecting to launch a joint military operation against the Iranian nuclear foundations , meanwhile ; threatening , hitting all the American military bases in the area .

Since the invasion of Iraq ., the Americans considered the area of the Kurdish an oasis of security and stability , contrarily , to what is taking place in the rest of Iraq ; war , sabotage , and killing . they talked about this region as a model of the new Middle East they are planning to set up . they hope this Kurdish region – which enjoys autonomy ; having an independent government and a president : Messod El Berzani -- ; a flag and an army -- it will be the selected place to build up two American military bases in the north of Iraq , where the American forces can camp after their pull out from the Iraqi cities , particularly , the Kurdish welcome the American military existence , they don’t refuse to host the two military bases . But that won’t last for good , because the Kurdish region is passing through a state of intensive tension as a result of the tension between Iraqi Kurdistan and its strong neighbor : Turkey , which is always mobilizing their forces on the borders of the Kurdish region and destroying the sites of the Labor Kurdish Party ; which are raiding Turkey from within Iraq , Particularly , with the increase of the Turkish fears that Kurdistan will be a point of attraction ; encouraging the Kurdish of Turkey to resume action of violence , hoping to get a sort of autonomy like that of the Iraqi Kurdish . That will formulate a progressive step on the road of the old Kurdish dream ; to put up an independent Kurdish state in this region, including the Kurdish of Turkey .Iraq , Syria and Iran . what increases the determination of the Turkish to eradicate the bases of the Labor Kurdish Party inside the Kurdistan of Iraq , the menaces verbed by El Berzani his intention to transport the battle inside Turkey and encouraging the Turkish Kurdish to demand their right of autonomy ; this assuring the Turkish that the existence of Iraqi Kurdistan and enjoying independence can be a factor of a menace to the Turkish national security , which they can’t compromise with , particularly , the region of Iraqi Kurdistan is looking forward to make the city of Karkok—inhabited by the Turkmen – a capital . Because of the Americans , being too busy in operations to secure Iraq ; moreover they don’t have enough forces to stand in the north of Iraq . the fears of north Iraqi Kurdish increase that Washington may give a permission to Turkey ; their forces to cross the borders of Iraqi Kurdistan and destroy the sites of Labor Kurdish Party ,--- and that what happened really . the military Americans are afraid lest they find themselves in a difficult choice ; their powerful Turkey in NATO and their new friends ; Iraqi Kurdish ; as , they found themselves before at fire target between the Sunnis and the Shiite in the rest of Iraq . All these , were difficult problems which assured to the Americans public opinion , how Iraq invasion operation was just an adventure from the side of the new conservatives and a jump in the unknown .